| dc.description.abstract | Natural radioactivity refers to the spontaneous decay of unstable atomic nuclei found in nature,
primarily in radionuclides such as uranium (238U), thorium (232Th), and potassium (40K). These
elements, present in the Earth’s crust, emit alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, with
gamma rays being the most penetrating and hazardous. Understanding natural radioactivity is
vital for assessing environmental radiation levels, which vary due to geological and
geographical factors. This research evaluates potential radiological hazards, ensuring safety in
human habitation and related activities.
Radiogenic heat, generated by the natural decay of radioactive isotopes, significantly
influences the Earth’s thermal field. Long-lived radionuclides contribute to heat production,
impacting crustal temperature distribution and the lithosphere’s mechanical strength.
Understanding this heat generation is essential for studies on Earth’s structure. Gamma rays, a
high-energy form of electromagnetic radiation, pose health risks such as DNA damage and
cancer due to their deep penetration capabilities. Effective gamma ray shielding is critical and
involves materials like lead, concrete, and high-density composites. Recent advancements
focus on developing innovative materials that combine superior radiation protection with
desirable mechanical properties.
The objectives of this thesis are: (1) measuring natural radioactivity in rock and soil samples,
analysing radiogenic heat production, and evaluating radiological parameters; (2) developing
optimized gamma ray shielding materials with cost-effective and durable properties, focusing
on epoxy-based coatings; and (3) using numerical simulations to predict gamma attenuation
properties and validating these through experiments. This thesis, structured into seven chapters,begins with an overview of natural radioactivity and radiation shielding materials. It reviews
existing literature, details experimental methodologies, and explains the theoretical framework.
The results highlight measurements in unexplored regions of Kerala, India, contributing to
global radiation mapping efforts. Additionally, the study advances gamma ray shielding
technologies with potential applications in medical, nuclear, and industrial fields. The findings
ensure safety and provide insights for future research and practical applications. | en_US |
